Chimera Detection - 3

We Are All "about 32/35/25/6"

I. Background

The atomic foundation of the genomes of every organism, human, animal, and virus is quite simple: Carbon (about 32%), Hydrogen (about 35%), Nitrogen (about 25%), and Oxygen (about 6%).

This surprise discovery was announced and discussed a bit in the previous posts where the subject was supposed to be just about chimera (Chimera Detection, 2).

It turns out that "chimera" as I call it, can  also be called "mutations", "erroneous DNA collection" and/or "mis-identification", and even "damage done" to genomes by chemicals such as antibiotics, GMO practices, mass-production-of-animals-for-food, and the like (cf. Mutagenesis, Mutagen).

II. Ancient Homo Sapien Example

Since we are focusing on atoms that compose the particular genome being analyzed, the differences which indicate a potential chimeric event involve small percentage changes in the TataBox values.

In the following example the Full-Genome Table values (and the type of genome: DNA or RNA) are shown first, then the 'raw'Tatabox Table values (all nucleotides whether 'in-frame' or not 'in-frame') followed by the Clean Tatabox Table values (where out-of-frame nucleotides therein were changed into an 'N' value).

The example is from a Russian 'mummy' (Nature):

III. A Few Appendices

The appendices of today's post, like the ancient Russian version above, also utilize these simple formats: the "Full-Genome Table", the "Tatabox Table", and the "Clean Tatabox Table" (Appendix 1, 2, 3, 4; Updated: appendix 4 added, see this).

This is an improvement over the search required in the previous posts, because from now on all the related table data is going to be presented together instead of being spread apart.

That way readers don't need to search in several places concerning data from the same genome.

Remember also that there is a link to the GenBank data at each Full-Genome Table area where you can access the FASTA nucleotide format (click on the FASTA link at the beginning of the GBFF format that first appears when executing the appendix's link).

Furthermore, the explanation of a "Tatabox" promoter ("TATAAA") and Tatabox terminator ("TATCTC") is clearly shown in the first video below.

In that short video the presenter at MIT also explains how the mRNA is produced from DNA in the nucleus of the cell, but more importantly, how that DNA/mRNA can change substantially with the addition of only one out-of-frame nucleotide being into the DNA strand.

Which means that just a sprinkling of tiny atoms can have a major genetic impact on genomes.

IV. What Does It All Mean Alfie?

The importance of this surprising similarity of atomic structure should not be underestimated.

Scientists are finding out that Alfie may not really know what Alfie has been telling us (Small Brains Considered - 7).

The previous post in this series is here.